Ngokombono wolo lonke uhlelo lwamandla, izimo zohlelo lokusebenza zihlukaniswe ngezimo ezintathu: ukugcinwa kwamandla ohlangothini lwesizukulwane, ukugcinwa kwamandla ohlangothini lokuhambisa, kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla ohlangothini lomsebenzisi. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzayo, kuyadingeka ukuhlaziya ubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla ngokuya ngezidingo ezimweni ezahlukahlukene ukuthola ubuchwepheshe obufanele kakhulu bokugcina amandla. Leli phepha ligxile ekuhlaziyeni kwezimo ezintathu zesicelo esikhulu sokugcinwa kwamandla.
Ngokombono wolo lonke uhlelo lwamandla, izimo zohlelo lokusebenza zihlukaniswe ngezimo ezintathu: ukugcinwa kwamandla ohlangothini lwesizukulwane, ukugcinwa kwamandla ohlangothini lokuhambisa, kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla ohlangothini lomsebenzisi. Lezi zimo ezintathu zingahlukaniswa zibe yisidingo samandla kanye nokufunwa kwamandla ngombono wegridi yamandla. Izimfuno zohlobo lwamandla ngokuvamile zidinga isikhathi eside sokuphuma (njengokushintsha kwesikhathi samandla), kepha akudingi isikhathi sokuphendula esiphakeme. Ngokuphambene, izidingo zohlobo lwamandla ngokuvamile zidinga amakhono okuphendula okusheshayo, kepha ngokuvamile isikhathi sokukhipha asiside (njengomongaphakathi wemvamisa yesistimu). Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzayo, kuyadingeka ukuhlaziya ubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla ngokuya ngezidingo ezimweni ezahlukahlukene ukuthola ubuchwepheshe obufanele kakhulu bokugcina amandla. Leli phepha ligxile ekuhlaziyeni kwezimo ezintathu zesicelo esikhulu sokugcinwa kwamandla.
1. Uhlangothi lwamandla
Ngokombono wesizukulwane samandla, isidingo sokufunwa kwesitoreji samandla yisitshalo samandla. Ngenxa yemithelela ehlukene yemithombo yamandla ehlukene kugridi, kanye nokuphazamiseka okunamandla phakathi kokukhiqizwa kwamandla kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okubangelwa uhlangothi olungalindeleki lwesitoreji samandla esihlangothini samandla, kufaka phakathi isikhathi samandla , amayunithi omthamo, umthwalo olandelayo, izinhlobo eziyisithupha zezimo, kufaka phakathi ukulawulwa imvamisa yesistimu, umthamo wesipele, kanye namandla avuselelwa axhumene negridi.
Ukushintshwa Kwamandla Isikhathi
Ukushintshwa kwamandla kwamandla ukubona ukuthambekela kwamandla okuphezulu kanye nokugcwaliswa kwamandla okugcina amandla ngokugcinwa kwamandla, okungukuthi, isitshalo samandla sikhokhisa ibhethri ngesikhathi sokulayisha amandla aphansi, bese sikhipha amandla agcinwe ngesikhathi sokulayisha amandla aphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcina umoya oshiywe namandla e-photovoltaic wamandla avuselelekayo bese uyihambisa kwezinye izikhathi zokuxhumeka kwegridi nakho kuguqulwa kwamandla. I-Energy Time-Shift uhlelo lokusebenza olususelwa kugesi olujwayelekile. Akunazidingo eziqinile ngesikhathi sokushaja nokukhipha, kanye nezidingo zamandla zokushaja nokukhipha zibanzi zibanzi. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okushintsha isikhathi kubangelwa umthwalo wamandla womsebenzisi kanye nezimpawu zokuvuselelwa kwamandla okuvuselela amandla. Imvamisa iphakeme kakhulu, izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-300 ngonyaka.
Iyunithi lamandla
Ngenxa yomehluko womthwalo wegesi ngezikhathi zesikhathi ezahlukahlukene, amayunithi wamandla wamalahle adinga ukwenza amakhono okushefa aphezulu, ngakho-ke inani elithile lamandla okuphehla amandla lidinga ukusethwa eceleni njengekhono lemithwalo ehambisanayo ehambisanayo, evimbela amandla ama-armal Amayunithi ekufinyeleleni amandla aphelele futhi athinta umnotho wokusebenza kweyunithi. ucansi. Isitoreji samandla singasetshenziswa ukukhokhisa lapho umthwalo kagesi uphansi, futhi ukhiphe lapho ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kufinyelela phezulu kunciphisa inani eliphakeme lomthwalo. Sebenzisa umphumela wokufaka esikhundleni sohlelo lokugcina amandla ukudedela iyunithi yamandla agundwe ngamalahle, ngaleyo ndlela uthuthukise izinga lokusetshenziswa kweyunithi yamandla akwa-thermal futhi wandise umnotho wawo. Iyunithi lamandla uhlelo lokusebenza olususelwa kugesi olujwayelekile. Akunazidingo eziqinile ekushajaneni nasekukhishini isikhathi, futhi inezidingo ezibanzi ngokushaja kanye nokukhipha amandla. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yomthwalo wamandla womsebenzisi kanye nezimpawu zokuphehla kwamandla kwamandla wamandla avuselelekayo, imvamisa yesicelo esezingeni eliguquliwe isikhathi. Phakama phezulu, cishe izikhathi ezingama-200 ngonyaka.
umthwalo olandelayo
Ukulandelela umthwalo kuyinkonzo yokusiza evumelana ngamandla ukuze kufinyelelwe ibhalansi yesikhathi sangempela sokushintsha kancane kancane, okuguqukayo okuguqukayo. Ukushintsha kancane kancane futhi okuguqukayo kungahlukaniswa ngemithwalo yesisekelo kanye nemithwalo emile ngokuya ngezimo zangempela zokusebenza kwama-generator. Ukulandelela umthwalo kusetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi imithwalo emile, okungukuthi, ngokulungisa okuphumayo, izinga lokudonswa kwamandla wamandla endabuko lingancishiswa ngangokunokwenzeka. , ukuvumela ukuguqulwa kahle ngangokunokwenzeka ezingeni lokuhlelela imiyalo. Uma kuqhathaniswa neyunithi yamandla, umthwalo olandelayo unezidingo eziphakeme ngesikhathi sokuphendula, nesikhathi sokuphendula siyadingeka ukuba ube sezingeni lomzuzu.
Uhlelo FM
Izinguquko zemvamisa zizothinta ukusebenza okuphephile nokusebenzayo kanye nempilo yokuphehla kwamandla kanye nemishini kagesi, ngakho-ke ukulawulwa imvamisa kubaluleke kakhulu. Esakhiweni samandla endabuko, ukungalingani kwamandla wesikhashana kwegridi yamandla kulawulwa ngamayunithi endabuko (ikakhulukazi amandla ashisayo kanye ne-hydropower ezweni lami) ngokuphendula amasiginali e-AGC. Ngokuhlanganiswa kwamandla amasha kugridi, ukuguquguquka nokungahleliwe komoya futhi umoya uke wakhulisa ukungalingani kwamandla kugridi yamandla ngesikhathi esifushane. Ngenxa yesivinini sokushintshashintsha imvamisa yendabuko yemithombo yamandla endabuko (ikakhulukazi amandla afudumele), ayela emuva lapho ephendula imiyalo yokuthumela. Kwesinye isikhathi amaphutha afana nokulungiswa okubuyela emuva azokwenzeka, ngakho-ke isidingo esanda kufakwa singeke sihlangane. Uma uqhathanisa, isitoreji samandla (ikakhulukazi isitoreji samandla e-electrochemical) sinesivinini sokushintshana kwemvamisa okusheshayo, futhi ibhethri lingashintsha kalula phakathi kokushaja nokukhipha, okwenza kube yisisetshenziswa esihle kakhulu sokuphuma.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokulandelela umthwalo, isikhathi sokushintsha kwengxenye yomthwalo yohlobo lwemvamisa yohlelo lusezingeni lamaminithi nemizuzwana, elidinga ukusabela okuphezulu (ngokuvamile ezingeni lemizuzwana), kanye nendlela yokulungiswa yengxenye yomthwalo ngokuvamile AGC. Kodwa-ke, ukuguquguquka imvamisa yesistimu kuwukusebenzisa okujwayelekile kohlobo lwamandla, oludinga ukushaja okusheshayo nokukhipha esikhathini esifushane. Lapho usebenzisa isitoreji samandla e-Electrochemical, kudingeka inani elikhulu lokukhipha imali, ngakho-ke kuzonciphisa impilo yezinhlobo ezithile zamabhethri, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ezinye izinhlobo zamabhethri. Umnotho.
Umkhankaso we-Spare
Umthamo wokubhuka ubhekisele kwi-Active Power Reserve ebekelwe ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yamandla nokusebenza okuphephile futhi okuzinzile kohlelo uma kwenzeka kunesimo esiphuthumayo, ngaphezu kokuhlangabezana nesidingo somthwalo okulindelekile. Ngokuvamile, umthamo wokubhuka udinga ukuba ngu-15-20% wamandla ajwayelekile wokuhlinzekwa kwamandla wohlelo, futhi ubuncane benani kufanele bulinganiswe nomthamo weyunithi elinamakhono amakhulu afakiwe ohlelweni. Njengoba umthamo wokubhuka uhlose ezimweni eziphuthumayo, imvamisa yokusebenza yonyaka imvamisa iphansi. Uma ibhethri lisetshenziselwa insiza yekhono lokubhuka iyodwa, umnotho awunakuqinisekiswa. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukukuqhathanisa nezindleko ze-Reserve Peak ekhona ukuthola izindleko zangempela. umphumela wokufaka esikhundleni.
Ukuxhumana kwegridi kwamandla avuselelekayo
Ngenxa yokungahleliwe kanye nezimpawu ezingemuva kwamandla omoya kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla we-Photovoltaic, ikhwalithi yawo yamandla imbi ukwedlula imithombo yamandla endabuko. Kusukela ukuguquguquka kokuguqulwa kwamandla kwamandla avuselelekayo (ukuguquguquka kwamandla okuguquguquka, njll.) Kusukela ngemizuzwana kuya emashumini, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhona zamandla nazo zihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezintathu: isikhathi samandla avuselelekayo -Ukuvuselela, ukuvuselelwa kwamandla okuqinisa amandla, kanye nokuvuselelwa kwamandla okuphuma kwamandla. Isibonelo, ukuze uxazulule inkinga yokulahla ukukhanya ku-Photovoltaic Power Generation, kuyadingeka ukugcina ugesi osele akhiqizwe phakathi nosuku lokuphuma ebusuku, okungokwamandla okuphuma kwamandla avuselelekayo. Amandla omoya, ngenxa yokungalingani kwamandla omoya, umphumela wamandla omoya uguquguquka kakhulu, futhi kudinga ukugcwala, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kakhulu kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zohlobo lwamandla.
2. Uhlangothi lwegridi
Ukusetshenziswa kwesitoreji samandla ohlangothini lwegridi kuyindlela ezintathu: ukukhulula ukuhambisa kanye nokuhlukaniswa kokumelana nokusabalalisa, ukubambezela ukwanda kwamandla kanye nemishini yokusatshalaliswa, kanye nokusekela amandla okuphendula. umphumela wokufakwa esikhundleni.
Ukudambisa ukuhambisa nokusabalalisa ukuqina kokungahambisani
Ukuhlangana komugqa kusho ukuthi ukulawulwa umugqa kudlula umthamo womugqa. Uhlelo lokulondolozwa kwamandla lufakiwe phezulu komugqa. Lapho umugqa uvinjiwe, amandla kagesi angakwazi ukulethwa angagcinwa kudivayisi yokugcina amandla. Ukukhipha umugqa. Ngokuvamile, ngezinhlelo zokugcina amandla, isikhathi sokukhipha siyadingeka ukuba sezingeni lehora, futhi inani lokusebenza lingaba amahlandla angama-50 kuye kwangama-100. Kungokwezicelo ezisuselwa emandleni futhi zinezidingo ezithile zokuphendula isikhathi, okudinga ukuphendulwa kuleli zinga.
Ukubambezela ukwanda kokudluliselwa kwamandla kanye nemishini yokusatshalaliswa
Izindleko zokuhlela kwegridi yendabuko noma ukuthuthukiswa kwegridi nokunwetshwa kuphezulu kakhulu. Ohlelweni lokuhambisa amandla kanye nohlelo lokusabalalisa lapho umthwalo useduze nemithamo yemishini, uma ukunikezwa kwemithwalo kungenziwa kwaneliswe iningi lesikhathi ngonyaka, futhi amandla aphansi kunesici esithile esiphakeme kuphela, uhlelo lokugcina amandla ingasetshenziswa ukudlulisa umthamo omncane ofakiwe. Amandla angathuthukisa ngempumelelo ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kanye nokusabalalisa kwegridi, ngaleyo ndlela kubambezele izindleko zokuhanjiswa kwamandla okusha nezindawo zokuhambisa nokwandisa impilo yenkonzo yemishini ekhona. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhambisa ukuhambisa kanye nokusabalalisa ukumiswa kokuphikiswa, ukubambezela ukwanda kokudluliselwa kwamandla kanye nemishini yokusatshalaliswa inemvamisa yokusebenza ephansi. Uma kucatshangelwa ukuguga kwebhethri, izindleko zangempela eziguquguqukayo ziphakeme, ngakho-ke izidingo eziphakeme zibekwa phambili emnothweni wamabhethri.
Ukusekelwa okusebenzayo
Ukuxhaswa kwamandla okusebenzayo kubhekisele ekuqondisweni kwamandla kagesi okuhambisa ngokujova noma ngokuthola amandla okusebenza kabusha ekudluliseni nasekusakazeni imigqa. Amandla anganele noma asebenzayo azokwenza ukuguquguquka kwamandla kagesi, athinte ikhwalithi yamandla, futhi alimaze nemishini kagesi. Ngosizo lwama-inverters ashukumisayo, ukuxhumana kanye nemishini yokulawula, ibhethri lingalawula i-voltage yomugqa wokudlulisela kanye nokusabalalisa ngokulungisa amandla asebenzayo wokukhishwa kwawo. Ukuxhaswa kwamandla okusebenzayo kuyinto isicelo esejwayelekile samandla anesikhathi sokuvalwa esifushane kepha imvamisa ephezulu yokusebenza.
3. Uhlangothi lwabasebenzisi
Uhlangothi lomsebenzisi yi-ukuphela ofgesity ukusetshenziswa, futhi umsebenzisi ungumthengi kanye nomsebenzisi kagesi. Izindleko nemali engenayo yesizukulwane samandla nokudlulisela kanye nohlangothi lokusatshalaliswa kuvezwa ngendlela yentengo kagesi, eguqulwa ibe yizindleko zomsebenzisi. Ngakho-ke, izinga lentengo kagesi lizothinta ukufunwa komsebenzisi. .
Ukuphathwa Kwentengo Kagesi Isikhathi Somsebenzisi
Umkhakha wamandla uhlukanisa amahora angama-24 ngosuku abe yizikhathi eziningi ezifana ne-Peak, Flat, futhi ephansi, futhi usetha amazinga entengo kagesi ahlukene ngesikhathi ngasinye, okuyintengo kagesi yesikhathi ngasinye, okuyintengo kagesi yesikhathi ngasinye. Ukuphathwa kwamanani kagesi okwenziwa ngumsebenzisi kufana nesikhathi samandla ukuguquguquka, umehluko kuphela ukuthi ukuphathwa kwentengo kagesi kagesi okusetshenziswayo kususelwa ohlelweni lwamanani kagesi wesikhathi sokusebenzisa i-Power. Ukushintshwa kwesikhathi ukuguqula isizukulwane samandla ngokuya ngejika lomthwalo wamandla.
Ukuphathwa Kokukhokhisa Amandla
Izwe lami lisebenzisa uhlelo lwamanani entengo kagesi engxenyeni emibili yamabhizinisi amakhulu ezimboni emkhakheni wempahla yamandla: Intengo kagesi ibhekisela kwintengo kagesi ekhokhiswa ngogesi wangempela wokuthenga, kanye nentengo kagesi ikakhulukazi incike kakhulu kunani eliphakeme lomsebenzisi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ukuphathwa kwezindleko zamandla kubhekisele ekunciphiseni izindleko zamakhono ngokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu ngaphandle kokuthinta ukukhiqizwa okujwayelekile. Abasebenzisi bangasebenzisa uhlelo lokugcina amandla ukugcina amandla ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi futhi bakhiphe umthwalo ngesikhathi esiphezulu, ngaleyo ndlela benciphisa injongo yokunciphisa izindleko zamandla.
Thuthukisa ikhwalithi yamandla
Ngenxa yemvelo eguqukayo yomthwalo wohlelo lwamandla kanye nokungeyona imibala yomthwalo womshini, amandla atholwe ngumsebenzisi anezinkinga ezinjengoguquko lwamandla akhona noma izinguquko zamanje. Ngalesi sikhathi, ikhwalithi yamandla ayimpofu. Ukuguqulwa imvamisa yohlelo kanye nokuxhaswa kwamandla okusebenzayo kuyizindlela zokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yamandla endaweni yokuphehla kwamandla nokudlulisela kanye nohlangothi. Ngasohlangothini lomsebenzisi, uhlelo lokulondolozwa kwamandla lungashintshashintsha nokushintshashintsha kwamandla okushintsha okuthe xaxa, njengokusebenzisa isitoreji samandla ukuxazulula izinkinga ezinjenge-voltage ukusukuma, ukucwilisa, kanye ne-flicker ohlelweni lwe-Photovoltaic olusatshalaliswa. Ukwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yamandla kuyinto isicelo esejwayelekile samandla. Imakethe ethile yokukhipha nokusebenza okusebenzayo kuyahlukahluka ngokuya ngesimo sangempela sohlelo lokusebenza, kepha ngokuvamile isikhathi sokuphendula siyadingeka ukuba sezingeni lama-millisecond.
Thuthukisa ukwethenjwa kwamandla
Isitoreji samandla sisetshenziselwa ukwenza ngcono ukuthembeka kwamandla kagesi wegridi, okusho ukuthi lapho kwenzeka amandla amandla, ukugcinwa kwamandla kunganikeza amandla agciniwe ukuqeda abasebenzisi, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukwethenjwa kwamandla . Imishini yokugcina yamandla kulolu hlelo lokusebenza kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo zekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nokuthembela okuphezulu, futhi isikhathi esithile sokuphuma sihlobene kakhulu nendawo yokufaka.
Isikhathi sePosi: Aug-24-2023