Umlando wamandla elanga

I-Solar EnergyWhat ingamandla elanga? Umlando wamandla elanga

Kuwo wonke umlando, amandla elanga bekulokhu kwenzeka empilweni yeplanethi. Lo mthombo wamandla ubelokhu ubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwempilo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ubuntu buye bathuthukisa amasu okusetshenziswa kwalo.

Ilanga libalulekile ebukhoneni bempilo emhlabeni. Ibhekele umjikelezo wamanzi, i-photosynthesis, njll.

Imithombo evuselelekayo yezibonelo zamandla - (bukela lokhu)
Impucuko yokuqala yabona lokhu futhi kwathuthukisa amasu okuhlanganisa amandla awo nakho kwavela.

Ekuqaleni babe ngamasu okuhlanganisa amandla elanga angenawo. Kwakhiwa amasu wakamuva ukuba asebenzise amandla ama-solar armal emisebeni yelanga. Kamuva, kwengezwa i-Photovoltaic Solar Energy ukuthola amandla kagesi.

Kwatholakala nini amandla elanga?
Ilanga belilokhu liyinto ebalulekile yentuthuko yempilo. Amasiko aphambili kakhulu abelokhu asebenzisa ngokuqondile futhi ngaphandle kokuyazi.

Umlando weSolar EnergyAter, inani elikhulu lezimpucuko ezithuthuke kakhulu laqamba izinkolo eziningi ezivusene nenkanyezi yelanga. Ezimweni eziningi, ukwakhiwa kwalo kwakuhlobene kakhulu neLanga.

Izibonelo zalezi zimpucuko sasizothola eGreece, eGibhithe, uMbuso we-Inca, iMesopotamia, uMbuso we-Aztec, njll.

Amandla elanga we-passive solar
AmaGrikhi ayengowokuqala ukusebenzisa amandla elanga aqondayo ngendlela eyazi.

Cishe, kusukela ngonyaka ka-400 ngaphambi kukaKristu, amaGrikhi asevele eqala ukwenza izindlu zawo zinaka imisebe yelanga. Lokhu kwakuyiziqalo zokwakhiwa kwe-bioclimitic.

Ngesikhathi soMbuso WaseRoma, ingilazi yasetshenziswa okokuqala ngeWindows. Kwenziwa ukusebenzisa ngokunenzuzo ukukhanya nokusibangela ukushisa kwelanga emakhaya. Baze babeka nemithetho ekwenza kwaba yinhlawulo yokuvimba ukufinyelela kukagesi komakhelwane.

AmaRoma ayengowokuqala ukwakha izindlu zengilazi noma ama-greenhouse. Lokhu kwakhiwa kuvumela ukwakhiwa kwezimo ezifanelekile zokukhula kwezitshalo ezingajwayelekile noma imbewu abalethwe kude. Lokhu kwakhiwa kusasetshenziswa nanamuhla.

Umlando wamandla elanga

Enye indlela yokusetshenziswa kwelanga ekuqaleni yathuthukiswa ngo-Archimedes. Phakathi kokusungulwa kwakhe kwezempi wathuthukisa uhlelo lokusetha umlilo emikhunjini yezitha zezitha. Le ndlela yayibandakanya ekusebenziseni izibuko ukugxilisa imisebe yelanga ngasikhathi sinye.
Le ndlela yaqhubeka nokuhlanjululwa. Ngo-1792, uLavoisier wadala isithando sakhe solar. Yayinama-lens amabili anamandla agxile emisebeni yelanga egxile.

Ngo-1874 umNgisi uCharles Wilson wakhe futhi waqondisa ukufakwa kwamanzi okuhlotshiswa kwamanzi olwandle.

Basungulwa nini abaqoqi belanga? Umlando wamandla we-solar armal
Amandla we-Solar Thermal anendawo emlandweni wamandla elanga kusukela ngonyaka we-1767. Kulonyaka usosayensi waseSwitzerland uHorace Bénédict de saussure wasungula ithuluzi lapho imisebe yelanga elingalinganiswa khona. Ukuthuthuka okwengeziwe kokusungulwa kwakhe kwaqala amathuluzi wanamuhla wokulinganisa imisebe yelanga.

Umlando weSolar Eneggyhorace Bénédict de saussurere wasungula umqoqi welanga ozoba nomthelela onqumayo ekuthuthukisweni kwamandla aphansi afudumele. Kusuka ekusungulweni kwakhe kuzovela konke ukuthuthuka okulandelayo kwe-flat Plate Plate Water Heater. Ukusungulwa bekumabhokisi ashisayo enziwe ngokhuni nengilazi ngenhloso yokuxoshwa kwamandla elanga.

Ngo-1865, umsunguli waseFrance u-Auguster Moocheut udale umshini wokuqala owaguqula amandla elanga aguqule amandla emishini. Umshini wawumayelana nokukhiqiza umusi ngomqoka welanga.

Umlando we-Photovoltaic Solar Energy. Amaseli okuqala e-photovoltaic
Ngo-1838 i-Photovoltaic Solar Energy yavela emlandweni wamandla elanga.

Ngo-1838, isazi semvelo saseFrance u-Alexandre Edmond Becquerel uthole umphumela we-Photovoltaic okokuqala. U-Becquerel wayezama ngeseli le-electrolytic nge-electrodes yeplatinamu. Wabona ukuthi ukuvezwa elangeni kwandise ugesi wamanje.

Ngo-1873, i-English Electrical Enjiniyela uWilloudby Smith yathola umphumela we-PhotoElectric in Solids usebenzisa iSelenium.

UCharles Fritts (1850-1903) wayengowemvelo evela e-United States. Ubonwe ngokwakha i-PhotoCell yokuqala yomhlaba ngo-1883. Idivayisi eguqula amandla elanga abe ngogesi.

Ama-fritt athuthukiswe i-selenium ehlanganisiwe njengezinto ze-semiconductor ezinesendlalelo esincane kakhulu segolide. Amangqamuzana aphumela akhiqize ugesi futhi anokuguqulwa kokuguqulwa kwe-1% kuphela ngenxa yezakhiwo zeSelenium.

Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, ngo-1877, uMunisi wase-English William Grylls uprofesa kanye nomfundi wakhe uRichard Evans usuku, wathola ukuthi lapho bedalula uSelium ukuKhanya, kwakhiqizwa ugesi. Ngale ndlela, badala iseli lokuqala le-selenisium photovoltaic.

Umlando wamandla elanga

Ngo-1953, uCalvin Fuller, uGerald Pearson, noDaryl Chapin bathola iseli le-silicon solar eBell Labs. Leli seli likhiqize ugesi owanele futhi lalisebenza kahle ngokwanele ukuba linamandla amadivayisi amancane kagesi.

U-Aleksandr Stoletov wakhela iseli lokuqala lelanga elisuselwa emthethweni wangaphandle we-Photoelectric. Ubuye walinganisa nesikhathi sokuphendula se-PhotoElectric yamanje.

Amaphaneli we-Photovoltaic atholakala ngokuhweba awazange avele kuze kube ngu-1956. Kodwa-ke, izindleko zeSolar PV zaziphakeme kakhulu kubantu abaningi. Cishe ngo-1970, intengo yamaphaneli elanga we-photovoltaic yehle cishe ama-80%.

Kungani ukusetshenziswa kwamandla elanga akushiywanga okwesikhashana?
Ngokuqala kwamafutha e-fossil, amandla elanga alahlekelwe ukubaluleka. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-solar kwahlushwa izindleko eziphansi zamalahle kanye namafutha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla angavuselelwa.

Ukukhula komkhakha welanga kwakuphakeme kuze kube maphakathi nama-50. Ngalesi sikhathi izindleko zokukhipha ama-fossil fuel afana negesi yemvelo namalahle aphansi kakhulu. Ngalesi sizathu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla we-fossil kwaphela ukubaluleka okukhulu njengomthombo wamandla nokukhiqiza ukushisa. Amandla elanga abese ebhekwa njengeyabiza futhi elahliwe ngezinhloso zezimboni.

Yini eyashukumisela ukuphindisela kwamandla elanga?
Umlando Wokulahlwa Kwamandla Amandla, Ngezinhloso Ezisebenzayo, Ukufakwa KwaseSolar Kuthathe kuze kube yiminyaka yama-70. Izizathu zezomnotho zaziphinde zibeke amandla elanga endaweni evelele emlandweni.

Ngaleyo minyaka intengo yamafutha e-fossil rose. Lokhu kwanda kuholele ekusetshenzisweni kabusha ekusebenziseni amandla elanga ukushisa amakhaya namanzi, kanye nasesizukulwaneni sikagesi. Amaphaneli we-Photovoltaic awusizo kakhulu emakhaya ngaphandle kokuxhumeka kwegridi.

Ngaphezu kwentengo, babeyingozi njengoba ukuhlanganiswa okungekuhle kungakhiqiza amagesi anobuthi.

I-heater yokuqala yasemanzini eshisayo yaseSolar yanelungelo lobunikazi ngo-1891 nguClarence Kemp. UCharles Greeley Abbot ngo-1936 wasungula i-heater yamanzi elanga.

Impi ka-1990 ye-Gulf yandisa inzalo enkulu emandleni elanga njengenye indlela esebenzayo emafutheni.

Amazwe amaningi anqume ukukhuthaza ubuchwepheshe be-solar. Engxenyeni enkulu ukuzama ukubuyisela emuva izinkinga zemvelo ezithathwe ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu.

Njengamanje, kunezinhlelo zesimanje zelanga ezinjengamaphaneli e-solar hybrid. Lezi zinhlelo ezintsha zisebenza kahle futhi zishibhile.