Incazelo yamandla elanga nezibonelo nokusebenzisa

Incazelo yamandla elanga nezibonelo nokusebenzisa
Ukuchazwa kwamandla elanga amandla aqhamuka elangeni nokuthi singakuthola ngenxa yemisebe yelanga. Umqondo wamandla elanga uvame ukusetshenziswa ukubhekisa emandleni kagesi noma we-thermal atholakala ethola ukusetshenziswa kwemisebe yelanga.

Lo mthombo wamandla umele umthombo wamandla oyinhloko emhlabeni. Ngoba kungumthombo ongapheli, kubhekwa njengamandla avuselelekayo.

Ukusuka kwala mandla, eminye imithombo eminingi yamandla itholakala, njenge:

Amandla omoya, ahlanganisa amandla omoya. Umoya ukhiqizwa lapho ilanga lishisa amavolumu amakhulu.
Ama-Fossil Fuels: aqhamuka kwinqubo ende kakhulu yokubola kwezinhlayiya ze-organic. Ama-organic decmoposes ayeyizitshalo ezinhle kakhulu zezithombe.
I-Hydraulic Energy, ehlanganisa amandla angaba khona wamanzi. Ngaphandle kwemisebe yelanga, umjikelezo wamanzi ubungeke kwenzeke.
Amandla avela ku-biomass, futhi, umphumela we-photosynthesis wezitshalo.
Lolu hlobo lwamandla avuselelekayo lungenye indlela yokugcwala kwezindawo zokugcina izinto ezingakhipheli amagesi abamba ukushisa njenge-carbon dioxide.

Izibonelo zamandla elanga
Ezinye izibonelo zamandla elanga zifaka okulandelayo:

Amaphaneli we-Photovoltaic Solar akhiqiza ugesi; Lezi zindawo zisetshenziswa emakhaya, ezindaweni zokukhosela ezintabeni, njll.
Izitshalo zamandla ze-Photovoltaic: ziyizandiso ezibalulekile zamaphaneli e-PV inhloso yakhe ukukhiqiza ugesi ukuhlinzeka ngegridi kagesi.
Izimoto ze-solar zisebenzisa amaseli we-PV ukuguqula imisebe yelanga ibe ngogesi ukushayela imoto kagesi.
Abapheki be-solar: benziwa ngohlelo lwe-parabolic ukugxilisa ukukhanya kwelanga kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphakamisa izinga lokushisa futhi bakwazi ukupheka.
Izinhlelo zokushisa: Ngamandla welanga ashisayo, uketshezi lungafudumala olungasetshenziswa endaweni yokushisa.
Ukufudumala kwechibi lokubhukuda kuwumjikelezo olula we-fluid lapho amanzi ajikeleza eceleni kweqoqo labaqoqi belanga evulelwe ilanga.
Ama-Calculator: Amanye amadivaysi e-elekthronikhi anephaneli encane yelanga yokunikeza amandla emjikelezweni kagesi.
I-Solar Ventilation uhlobo lwamandla elanga asebenzisa ukushisa kwelanga ukuze angenele isikhala. Isetshenziswa kaningi emakhaya nasezakhiweni ukuze uthuthukise ikhwalithi yomoya futhi unciphise izindleko zamandla. Ukungena komoya we-solar kungasetshenziswa umoya owodwa noma isakhiwo sonke.
I-Photosynthesis iyindlela yemvelo esetshenziswa ngayo ukuguqula amandla elanga amandla ngamakhemikhali.
Izinhlobo zamandla elanga
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zobuchwepheshe obunamandla we-solar:

I-Photovoltaic Solar Energy: Amaphaneli elanga e-PV akhiwa ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo, lapho imisebe yelanga ishaya ama-elektroni, ikhipha ama-elektroni futhi akhiqize amanje kagesi.
I-Thermal solar Energy: Lolu hlelo lusebenzisa amandla okushisa imisebe yelanga. Imisebe yelanga iguqulwa ibe amandla afudumele ukushisa uketshezi olungasetshenziselwa ukufudumeza amanzi ashisayo asekhaya. Ezitshalweni zamandla ezishisayo ze-solar, umusi wenziwa futhi, ngemuva kwalokho, ugesi.
Energy ye-Passive Solar kungumthombo wokusebenzisa ngokushisa ngokushisa kwelanga ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izinsiza zangaphandle. Isibonelo, abaklami bezakhiwo bangenza izindlu ezihle futhi banqume ukuthi babeke kuphi ama-windows, bacabanga ukuthi imisebe yolanga izotholwa kuphi. Le ndlela yaziwa njengokwakhiwa kwe-bioclimitic.
Kukhiqizwa kanjani amandla elanga?
Ngokombono obonakalayo, amandla elanga akhiqizwa elangeni ngokulandelana kokuphendula kwenyukliya. Lapho la mandla efinyelela kithi emhlabeni, singakusebenzisa ngezindlela eziningi:

Amaphaneli elanga anamaseli we-photovoltaic. Amaphaneli we-Photovoltaic enziwe ngezinto ezibonakalayo, lapho ethola ukukhanya, ngokuqondile amagiya futhi akhipha i-elektroni. Ngale ndlela, imisebe yelanga iguqulwa ibe amandla kagesi.
Kusetshenziswa abaqoqi belanga aklanyelwe ukuguqula imisebe yelanga emandleni ashisayo. Inhloso yawo ukushisa uketshezi olujikeleza ngaphakathi. Kulokhu, asinawo ugesi, kepha sinoketshezi lokushisa okuphezulu olungasetshenziswa kuzinhlelo eziningi.
Amandla elanga agxile e-solar uhlelo olukhombisa konke ukukhanyiswa kwelanga endaweni egxile kuyo ukuze kufinyelele kumazinga okushisa aphezulu. Lobu buchwepheshe busetshenziswa ezitshalweni ze-thermosolar for energy Generation.
Izinhlelo ze-Passive Solar Energy zisebenzisa amandla elanga ngaphandle kokufakwa kwamandla kwangaphandle. Isibonelo, imiklamo yezakhiwo ivumela imisebe yelanga ephezulu ebusika futhi igweme ukushisa okwedlulele ehlobo.
Izinhlobo zamaphaneli elanga
Amaphaneli elanga asetshenziselwa zombili izindlela (Photovoltaic kanye ne-Thermal). Kunoma ikuphi, ukwakheka kuhluke kakhulu ngokuya ngohlobo lobuchwepheshe belanga oluzosetshenziselwa:

Iphaneli ye-Solar Thermal isebenzisa imisebe yelanga ukushisa uketshezi oludlulisela ukushisa uketshezi bese lushisa amanzi. Ama-Solar Water Heater asetshenziswa emakhaya ukuthola amanzi ashisayo.
Iphaneli ye-Photovoltaic ixhaphaza izakhiwo zezakhi ezithile ze-semiconductor ezibekwe kumaseli elanga. Amangqamuzana elanga akhiqiza amandla kagesi lapho ebhekiswe emisebeni yelanga. Ngenxa ye-photovoltaic umphumela, ukuvezwa kwelanga kubangela ukunyakaza kwama-elektroni engxenyeni (imvamisa i-silicon), kukhiqizwa amanje kagesi aqhubekayo.
Iphaneli yelanga egxile futhi isebenzisa uchungechunge lwezibuko ze-parabolic ngesakhiwo esiqondile. Inhloso yalezi zibuko ukugxilisa imisebe yelanga endaweni egxile kuyo ukuze ufinyelele amazinga okushisa aphezulu ngokwanele ukukhiqiza umusi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla elanga

Ukubopha amandla elanga: Igayidi le-Photovoltaics
Amandla elanga asebenzisa okuningi kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingafingqiwe ngamaphuzu amathathu:

I-DHW eshisayo yasekhaya
Ukushisa kwamanzi ngelanga kusetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi afudumele asekhaya (DHW) nokufudumeza emakhaya nasezakhiweni zezokwakha ezincane. Izitshalo zamandla elanga zakhiwe lokho, zisebenzisa ama-turberch turbines, ziguqula ukushisa okugciniwe kube ngogesi.

Kodwa-ke, lezi prototypes azisetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa yokusebenza okuphansi kwalezi zitshalo zamandla uma kuqhathaniswa nezindleko eziphakeme kanye nokunikezwa kukagesi okungajwayelekile.

Isizukulwane segesi
Amaphaneli we-Photovoltaic asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-solar ezingawodwa kumadivayisi wamandla kude namanethiwekhi kagesi (ama-Space Consses, abaphindaphindayo abaphezulu ngocingo, njll.). Baphinde basetshenziswe kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezinezidingo eziphansi eziphansi zamandla ukuthi ukuxhumana kwegridi kagesi bekungeke kube ngokomnotho (amasignali akhanyayo, amamitha okupaka, njll.).

Lawa madivaysi kufanele afakwe nge-accumulators ekwazi ukuqongelela ugesi owengeziwe akhiqizwa phakathi nosuku ukuze anikeze amandla imishini ebusuku nangesikhathi samafu, ngokuvamile amabhethri elanga.

Baphinde basetshenziswe ezinhlelweni ezinkulu ezixhunywe ngegridi, yize ukunikezwa kwamandla kuhluka ngezimo zansuku zonke nangesikhathi sonyaka. Ngakho-ke, kunzima ukubikezela futhi akuhlelekile.

Lokhu kunqatshelwa kwenza kube yinselele ukufeza ukufunwa kukagesi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, ngaphandle kokukhiqiza nge-margin ebanzi yokuphepha ngaphezulu kweziqongo ezifunwayo zonyaka. Kodwa-ke, ngokuba inani eliphakeme lokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo zamandla elanga ehlobo, liphatha ukuqeda isidingo sangaphakathi esikhulu ngenxa yezimo zomoya.

Yiziphi izinzuzo nokubi ngamandla elanga?
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla elanga kubandakanya izinzuzo nezinzuzo ezithile.

Ukugxekwa okuyinhloko noma izithiyo yilezi:

Izindleko eziphezulu zokutshala imali nge-Kilowatt ezitholakele.
Inikeza ukusebenza okuphezulu kakhulu.
Ukusebenza okutholakele kuncike kuhlelo lwelanga, isimo sezulu kanye nekhalenda. Ngalesi sizathu, kunzima ukwazi ukuthi yimaphi amandla kagesi esizokwazi ukusithola ngesikhathi esithile. Lokhu kudonswa emuva kuyanyamalala neminye imithombo yamandla, efana namandla enuzi noma ama-fossil.
Inani lamandla elidingayo ukwenza iphaneli yelanga. Ukukhiqiza amaphaneli we-Photovoltaic kudinga amandla amaningi, imvamisa usebenzisa imithombo yamandla engavuselelwa njengamalahle.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele ucabangele izinzuzo zamandla elanga:

Abameli bawo basekela ukuncishiswa kwezindleko kanye nokusebenza kahle ngenxa yezomnotho zezinga lokuthuthuka kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe ezinhlelweni zelanga ezizayo.
Ngokuqondene nokungabikho kwalomthombo wamandla ebusuku, baphinde baveze ukuthi inani eliphakeme lokusebenzisa kagesi lifinyelelwa phakathi nosuku, okungukuthi, ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa okuphezulu kwamandla elanga.
Kungumthombo wamandla avuselelekayo. Ngamanye amagama, akunakuphikwa.
Akunamandla okungcolisa: Akukhiqizi amagesi abamba ukushisa ngakho-ke, akunamthelela ekubikeni kwenkinga yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Umbhali: Oriol Planisa - Unjiniyela Wezobuchwepheshe Wezimboni