Kuyini amandla elanga?

Ukuchazwa kwamandla elanga amandla avelailanganokuthi singatwebula ukubonga ngemisebe yelanga. Umqondo wamandla welanga uvame ukusetshenziswa ukubhekisa kugesi nomaamandla afudumelelokho kutholakala kusetshenziswaImisebe yelanga.

Lo mthombo wamandla umele okuyisisekeloumthombo wamandlaphezu kwa-Inhlabathi. Ngoba kungumthombo ongapheli, kuyabhekwaamandla avuselelekayo.

Kusuka kulo mandla, nezinye eziningiImithombo yamandlazithathwe, ezinjengokuthi:

• Amandla omoya, ahlanganisa amandla omoya. Umoya ukhiqizwa laphoIlangaIshisa amavolumu amakhulu omoya.
• Ama-Fossil Fuels: aqhamuka kwinqubo ende kakhulu yokubola kwezinhlayiya ze-organic. Ama-organic decmoposes ayeyizitshalo ezinhle kakhulu zezithombe.
• I-Hydraulic Energy, ehlanganisa amandla angaba khona wamanzi. Ngaphandle kwemisebe yelanga, umjikelezo wamanzi ubungeke kwenzeke.
• Amandla avelai-biomass, futhi, kungumphumela weIzithombe -thesiswezitshalo.

Lolu hlobo lwamandla avuselelekayo ngenye indlelaFossil Fuelslokho akukhiphiAmagesi abamba ukushisanjenge-carbon dioxide.

Izibonelo zamandla elanga

-NyeIzibonelo zamandla elangaFaka okulandelayo:

• I-Photovoltaicamaphaneli elangazalaugesi; Lezi zindawo zisetshenziswa emakhaya, ezindaweni zokukhosela ezintabeni, njll.
• Izitshalo zamandla ze-Photovoltaic: ziyizandiso ezibalulekile zamaphaneli e-PV inhloso yakhe ukukhiqiza ugesi ukuhlinzeka ngegridi kagesi.
• Izimoto ze-solar zisebenzisa amaseli we-PV ukuguqula imisebe yelanga ibe ngogesi ukushayela imoto kagesi.
• Abapheki be-solar: benziwa ngohlelo lwe-parabolic ukugxilailangaUkukhanya kwephuzu lokuphakamisaizinga lokushisa nokubandafuthi ukwazi ukupheka.
• Izinhlelo zokushisa: ngeAmandla we-solar thermal, uketshezi lungashisa olungasetshenziswa emjikelezweni wokushisa.
• Ukubhukuda okubhukuda kwechibi kuwukujikeleza okulula uketshezi lapho amanzi ajikeleza khona isethiAbaqoqi be-solar thermalkuvezwe kuilanga.
• Ama-Calculator: Amanye amadivaysi kagesi anciphise okuncaneiphaneli yelangaukuhlinzeka amandla kuumjikelezo kagesi.
• Umoya omncane we-solar uluhlobo lwamandla elanga asebenzisa ilangaukushisaukufaka umoya. Isetshenziswa kaningi emakhaya nasezakhiweni ukuze uthuthukise ikhwalithi yomoya futhi unciphise izindleko zamandla. Ukungena komoya we-solar kungasetshenziswa umoya owodwa noma isakhiwo sonke.
• I-Photosynthesis iyindlela yemvelo esetshenziswa ngayo ukuguqula amandla elanga amandla ngamakhemikhali.

Izinhlobo zamandla elanga

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zobuchwepheshe obunamandla we-solar:

• I-Photovoltaic Solar Energy: Amaphaneli elanga e-PV akhiwa ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo, lapho imisebe yelanga ishaya ama-elektroni, ikhipha ama-elektroni futhi akhiqize iElectric yamanje.
• I-Thermal solar Energy: Lolu hlelo lusebenzisa ngokunenzuzoumthamo wokushisaemisebeni yelanga. Imisebe yelanga iguqulwa ibe amandla afudumele ukushisa uketshezi olungasetshenziselwa ukufudumalaamanzi ashisayo asekhaya. Phakathi kwa-izitshalo zamandla ezishisayo ze-solar, Umusi wenziwa futhi, ngemuva kwalokho, ugesi.
• Energy ye-Passive Solar kungumthombo wokusebenzisa ngokushisa ngokushisa kwelanga ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izinsiza zangaphandle. Isibonelo, abaklami bezakhiwo bangenza izindlu ezihle futhi banqume ukuthi babeke kuphi ama-windows, bacabanga ukuthi imisebe yolanga izotholwa kuphi. Le ndlela yaziwa ngokuthiukwakhiwa kwe-bioclimitic.

Kukhiqizwa kanjani amandla elanga?

Ngokombono obonakalayo, amandla elanga akhiqizwa elangeni ngokulandelana kokuphendula kwenyukliya. Lapho la mandla efinyelela kithi emhlabeni, singakusebenzisa ngezindlela eziningi:

• Amaphaneli elanga aneAmaseli e-Photovoltaic. Amaphaneli we-Photovoltaic enziwe ngezinto ezibonakalayo, lapho ethola ukukhanya, ngokuqondile amagiya futhi akhipha i-elektroni. Ngale ndlela, imisebe yelanga iguqulwa ibe amandla kagesi.
• UkusebenzisaAbaqoqi beSolarLokho kwenzelwe ukuguqula imisebe yelanga ibe amandla afudumele. Inhloso yawo ukushisa uketshezi olujikeleza ngaphakathi. Kulokhu, asinawo ugesi, kepha sinoketshezi lokushisa okuphezulu olungasetshenziswa kuzinhlelo eziningi.
• Amandla elanga agxile e-solar uhlelo olukhombisa konke ukukhanyiswa kwelanga endaweni egxile kuyo ukuze kufinyeleleke phezuluukushisa. Lobu buchwepheshe busetshenziswa ezitshalweni ze-thermosolar for energy Generation.
• Izinhlelo ze-Passive Solar Energy zisebenzisa amandla elanga ngaphandle kokufakwa kwamandla kwangaphandle. Isibonelo, imiklamo yezakhiwo ivumela imisebe yelanga ephezulu ebusika futhi igweme ukushisa okwedlulele ehlobo.

Izinhlobo zamaphaneli elanga

Amaphaneli elanga asetshenziselwa zombili izindlela (Photovoltaic kanye ne-Thermal). Kunoma ikuphi, ukwakheka kuhluke kakhulu ngokuya ngohlobo lobuchwepheshe belanga oluzosetshenziselwa:

• Iphaneli ye-Solar Thermal isebenzisa imisebe yelanga ukushisa uketshezi oludlulisela ukushisa uketshezi bese lushisa amanzi. Ama-Solar Water Heater asetshenziswa emakhaya ukuthola amanzi ashisayo.
• Le khasiIphaneli ye-Photovoltaickusebenzisa izakhiwo zezakhi ezithile ze-semiconductor ezibekwe kumaseli elanga. Amangqamuzana elanga akhiqiza amandla kagesi lapho ebhekiswe emisebeni yelanga. Ngenxa yalokho okubizwa ngokuthiI-Photovoltaic Effect, ukuvezwa elangeni kubangela ukunyakaza kwama-elektroni engxenyeni (imvamisaanzini), ukudala okuqhubekayo kwamanje kagesi.
• Iphaneli yelanga egxile futhi isebenzisa uchungechunge lwezibuko ze-parabolic ngesakhiwo esiqondile. Inhloso yalezi zibuko ukugxilisa imisebe yelanga eqophelweni lokugxila ekufinyeleleni amazinga okushisa aphezulu ngokwanele ukukhiqiza ama-steam amandla elanga
  Amandla elanga asebenzisa okuningi kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingafingqiwe ngamaphuzu amathathu:

  I-DHW eshisayo yasekhaya
  Ukushisa kwamanzi ngelanga kusetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi afudumele asekhaya (DHW) nokufudumeza emakhaya nasezakhiweni zezokwakha ezincane. Izitshalo zamandla elanga zakhiwe lokho, zisebenzisa ama-turberch turbines, ziguqula ukushisa okugciniwe kube ngogesi.

  Kodwa-ke, lezi prototypes azisetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa yokusebenza okuphansi kwalezi zitshalo zamandla uma kuqhathaniswa nezindleko eziphakeme kanye nokunikezwa kukagesi okungajwayelekile.
  Isizukulwane segesi
  Amaphaneli we-Photovoltaic asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-solar ezingawodwa kumadivayisi wamandla kude namanethiwekhi kagesi (ama-Space Consses, abaphindaphindayo abaphezulu ngocingo, njll.). Baphinde basetshenziswe kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezinezidingo eziphansi eziphansi zamandla ukuthi ukuxhumana kwegridi kagesi bekungeke kube ngokomnotho (amasignali akhanyayo, amamitha okupaka, njll.).

  Lawa madivaysi kufanele afakwe nge-accumulators ekwazi ukuqongelela ugesi owengeziwe akhiqizwa phakathi nosuku ukuze anikeze amandla imishini ebusuku nangesikhathi samafu, ngokuvamile amabhethri elanga.

  Baphinde basetshenziswe ezinhlelweni ezinkulu ezixhunywe ngegridi, yize ukunikezwa kwamandla kuhluka ngezimo zansuku zonke nangesikhathi sonyaka. Ngakho-ke, kunzima ukubikezela futhi akuhlelekile.

  Lokhu kunqatshelwa kwenza kube yinselele ukufeza ukufunwa kukagesi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, ngaphandle kokukhiqiza nge-margin ebanzi yokuphepha ngaphezulu kweziqongo ezifunwayo zonyaka. Kodwa-ke, ngokuba inani eliphakeme lokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo zamandla elanga ehlobo, liphatha ukuqeda isidingo sangaphakathi esikhulu ngenxa yezimo zomoya.

  Yiziphi izinzuzo nokubi ngamandla elanga?
  Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla elanga kubandakanya izinzuzo nezinzuzo ezithile.

  Ukugxekwa okuyinhloko noma izithiyo yilezi:

  Izindleko eziphezulu zokutshala imali nge-Kilowatt ezitholakele.
  Inikeza ukusebenza okuphezulu kakhulu.
  Ukusebenza okutholakele kuncike kuhlelo lwelanga, isimo sezulu kanye nekhalenda. Ngalesi sizathu, kunzima ukwazi ukuthi yimaphi amandla kagesi esizokwazi ukusithola ngesikhathi esithile. Lokhu kudonswa emuva kuyanyamalala neminye imithombo yamandla, efana namandla enuzi noma ama-fossil.
  Inani lamandla elidingayo ukwenza iphaneli yelanga. Ukukhiqiza amaphaneli we-Photovoltaic kudinga amandla amaningi, imvamisa usebenzisa imithombo yamandla engavuselelwa njengamalahle.
  Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele ucabangele izinzuzo zamandla elanga:

  Abameli bawo basekela ukuncishiswa kwezindleko kanye nokusebenza kahle ngenxa yezomnotho zezinga lokuthuthuka kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe ezinhlelweni zelanga ezizayo.
  Ngokuqondene nokungabikho kwalomthombo wamandla ebusuku, baphinde baveze ukuthi inani eliphakeme lokusebenzisa kagesi lifinyelelwa phakathi nosuku, okungukuthi, ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa okuphezulu kwamandla elanga.
  Kungumthombo wamandla avuselelekayo. Ngamanye amagama, akunakuphikwa.
  Akunamandla okungcolisa: Akukhiqizi amagesi abamba ukushisa ngakho-ke, akunamthelela ekubikeni kwenkinga yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.