Imisebe yelanga: Izinhlobo, Izakhiwo kanye Nencazelo

Imisebe yelanga: izinhlobo, izakhiwo kanye nencazelo
Incazelo yemisebe yelanga: ingamandla akhishwa yiLanga emkhathini we-interplanetary.

Uma sikhuluma ngenani lamandla elanga afinyelela ebusweni beplanethi yethu, sisebenzisa imisebe ye-irradiance kanye nemisebe.I-Solar irradiation amandla atholwa endaweni yeyunithi ngayinye (J/m2), amandla atholwe ngesikhathi esinikeziwe.Ngokufanayo, i-solar irradiance amandla atholwa ngokuphazima kweso - avezwa ngama-watts per square meter (W/m2)

Ukuhlangana kwe-nuclear fusion kwenzeka ku-nucleus yelanga futhi kungumthombo wamandla eLanga.Imisebe ye-nuclear ikhiqiza imisebe ye-electromagnetic kumafrikhwensi noma amaza ahlukahlukene.Imisebe ye-electromagnetic isakazeka emkhathini ngesivinini sokukhanya (299,792 km/s).
Kwembulwa Ukukhanya Kwelanga: Uhambo Lokungena Ezinhlotsheni Nokubaluleka Kokushiswa Kwelanga
Inani elisebunyeni yi-solar constant;i-solar njalo inani lemisebe etholwe ngokushesha endaweni ngayinye engxenyeni engaphandle yomkhathi womhlaba endizeni eqondile emisebe yelanga.Ngokwesilinganiso, inani le-solar constant yi-1.366 W / m2.

Izinhlobo Zemisebe Yelanga
Imisebe yelanga yenziwe yizinhlobo ezilandelayo zemisebe:

Imisebe ye-infrared (IR): Imisebe ye-infrared inikeza ukushisa futhi imele ama-49% emisebe yelanga.
Imisebe ebonakalayo (VI): imelela u-43% wemisebe futhi inikeza ukukhanya.
Imisebe ye-Ultraviolet (imisebe ye-UV): imele u-7%.
Ezinye izinhlobo zemisebe: zimelela cishe u-1% wesamba.
Izinhlobo zemisebe ye-Ultraviolet
Ngokulandelayo, imisebe ye-ultraviolet (UV) ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezintathu:

I-Ultraviolet A noma i-UVA: Idlula kalula emkhathini, ifinyelele emhlabeni wonke.
I-Ultraviolet B noma i-UVB: Ubude beza obufushane.Unobunzima obukhulu bokudlula emkhathini.Ngenxa yalokho, bafika endaweni yenkabazwe ngokushesha kakhulu kunasezindaweni eziphakeme.
I-Ultraviolet C noma i-UVC: Ubude begagasi elifushane.Azidluli emkhathini.Kunalokho, ungqimba lwe-ozone luyawamunca.
Izakhiwo ze-Solar Radiation
Isamba semisebe yelanga isakazwa ku-spectrum ebanzi ye-amplitude engeyona into efanayo enesimo esijwayelekile sensimbi, njengoba kujwayelekile ku-spectrum yomzimba omnyama lapho umthombo welanga umodeliswa khona.Ngakho-ke, ayigxili ku-frequency eyodwa.

Ubukhulu bemisebe bugxile ebhandeni lemisebe noma ukukhanya okubonakalayo okunenani eliphakeme elingu-500 nm ngaphandle komkhathi woMhlaba, okuhambisana nombala oluhlaza okotshani.

Ngokomthetho we-Wien, ibhande lemisebe ye-photosynthetically asebenzayo lihamba phakathi kuka-400 no-700 nm, lihambisana nemisebe ebonakalayo, futhi lilingana no-41% wesamba semisebe.Ngaphakathi kwemisebe ye-photosynthetically esebenzayo, kunamabhande angaphansi anemisebe:

iblue-violet (400-490 nm)
okuluhlaza (490-560 nm)
okuphuzi (560-590 nm)
okusawolintshi-okubomvu (590-700 nm)
Lapho unqamula umkhathi, imisebe yelanga ibhekana nokubonakaliswa, ukuphindwaphindwa, ukumuncwa, nokusatshalaliswa ngamagesi ahlukahlukene asemkhathini ngokwezinga eliguquguqukayo njengomsebenzi wemvamisa.

Umkhathi womhlaba usebenza njengesisefo.Ingxenye engaphandle yomkhathi imunca ingxenye yemisebe, ibonise enye yonke emkhathini ongaphandle.Ezinye izakhi ezisebenza njengesisefo isikhutha, amafu, nomhwamuko wamanzi, ngezinye izikhathi okushintsha kube imisebe esakazwayo.

Kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi imisebe yelanga ayifani yonke indawo.Isibonelo, izindawo ezishisayo zithola imisebe yelanga eningi kakhulu ngoba imisebe yeLanga icishe ibe yi-perpendicular ebusweni boMhlaba.

Kungani Kudingeka Imisebe Yelanga?
Amandla elanga angumthombo wamandla oyinhloko, ngakho-ke, injini eshayela imvelo yethu.Amandla elanga esiwathola ngemisebe yelanga anesibopho ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile izici ezibalulekile ezinqubweni zebhayoloji njenge-photosynthesis, ukugcinwa kwezinga lokushisa lomoya weplanethi elihambisana nokuphila, noma umoya.

Amandla elanga omhlaba wonke afinyelela emhlabeni makhulu ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-10,000 kunamandla asetshenziswa sonke isintu okwamanje.

I-Solar Radiation iyithinta kanjani impilo?
Imisebe ye-Ultraviolet ingaba nemiphumela ehlukahlukene esikhumbeni somuntu kuye ngokuthi inamandla kangakanani kanye nobude bamagagasi aso.

Imisebe ye-UVA ingabangela ukuguga kwesikhumba ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nomdlavuza wesikhumba.Kungase futhi kubangele izinkinga zamehlo namasosha omzimba.

Imisebe ye-UVB ibangela ukushiswa yilanga, ubumnyama, ungqimba olungaphandle lwesikhumba, i-melanoma nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza wesikhumba ukuqina.Kungase futhi kubangele izinkinga zamehlo namasosha omzimba.

I-ozone layer ivimbela iningi lemisebe ye-UVC ukuthi ingafiki eMhlabeni.Emkhakheni wezokwelapha, imisebe ye-UVC ingaphuma nezibani ezithile noma i-laser beam futhi isetshenziselwa ukubulala amagciwane noma ukusiza ukuphulukisa amanxeba.Ibuye isetshenziselwe ukwelapha izimo ezithile zesikhumba ezifana ne-psoriasis, i-vitiligo, namaqhuqhuva esikhumbeni abangela i-T-cell lymphoma e-cutaneous.

Umbhali: I-Oriol Planas - Unjiniyela Wezobuchwepheshe Wezimboni